Microsoft Windows Server 2019 Standard (Server CAL) Edition 

*** IMPORTANT NOTE: Since this is a retail edition, it never expires, and software assurance is not required ***

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Key Features windows server 2019

Windows Server 2019 introduced a wide range of features aimed at improving performance, security, hybrid cloud compatibility, and ease of management. Here are the key features:

1. Hybrid Cloud Integration

• Azure Integration: Windows Server 2019 enables deeper integration with Azure, supporting services like Azure Backup, Azure Site Recovery, and Azure Update Management. This makes it easier for organizations to extend on-premises infrastructures to Azure.
• Azure Network Adapter: Allows on-premises servers to connect securely to Azure Virtual Networks, simplifying hybrid cloud connectivity.
• Storage Migration Service: A tool that simplifies the process of migrating servers to newer versions by helping to move data, settings, and security from older servers.

2. Enhanced Security

• Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (ATP): Offers preventive protection, detects attacks, and provides automated responses to threats.
• Shielded Virtual Machines: Introduced in Windows Server 2016 and enhanced in 2019, this feature protects virtual machines from unauthorized access, ensuring security in multi-tenant environments.
• Windows Defender ATP Exploit Guard: Includes features like attack surface reduction, network protection, and controlled folder access, helping to mitigate ransomware and other threats.
• Secured Core Server: Combines hardware, firmware, and OS security features to enhance protection against attacks at the hardware level.

3. Application Platform Enhancements

• Windows Containers: Enhanced support for containerized applications, including smaller images, faster download times, and compatibility improvements for Kubernetes and Docker.
• Kubernetes Support: Improved compatibility with Kubernetes enables Windows containers to run alongside Linux containers in Kubernetes clusters.
• Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL): Allows running Linux distributions on Windows Server, enhancing compatibility for applications that rely on Linux.

4. Improved Storage Solutions

• Storage Spaces Direct (S2D): A technology that enables highly available, scalable storage using standard servers with locally attached drives, creating cost-effective hyper-converged infrastructure solutions.
• Storage Replica: Provides both synchronous and asynchronous replication of data for disaster recovery. Synchronous replication mirrors data in real-time between sites, while asynchronous provides higher latency resilience.
• Deduplication and Compression: Supports deduplication on ReFS (Resilient File System), which optimizes storage efficiency and is ideal for managing large volumes of data.
• Persistent Memory Support: Allows the use of high-speed, non-volatile storage devices, providing faster data access and higher throughput.

5. Networking Improvements

• Software-Defined Networking (SDN): Offers centralized control of network configuration to improve agility and flexibility, with features like virtual network encryption and firewall security.
• Encrypted Networks: Allows encryption of traffic between virtual machines, adding a layer of security without requiring app changes.
• Network Performance Optimizations:
  • Low Extra Delay Background Transport (LEDBAT): Reduces network congestion by prioritizing critical traffic and dynamically adjusting to network demand.
  • Network Controller: Manages and configures network devices centrally, enhancing the management of large-scale network environments.

6. Remote Desktop Services (RDS) Enhancements

• Improved VDI Performance: Enhancements in Remote Desktop Services make Windows Server 2019 more effective for virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), including support for GPU acceleration and enhanced support for virtualized desktops.
• HTML5 Remote Desktop Web Client: Users can connect to RDS environments via a web browser, providing greater flexibility and support for non-Windows devices.

7. Windows Admin Center

• A modern web-based management interface for Windows Server, which simplifies server management and deployment. Windows Admin Center enables administrators to manage Windows Server instances locally and in Azure, covering features like security, storage, virtual machines, and network configurations.

8. System Insights

• This predictive analytics feature, powered by machine learning, analyzes Windows Server system data to predict future issues in performance, capacity, and reliability. System Insights helps administrators take proactive measures to maintain system health.

9. Cluster Enhancements

• Cluster Sets: Allows multiple clusters to be grouped into one large, software-defined data center environment, making it easier to scale out across servers.
• Cross-Domain Cluster Migration: Facilitates easier migration of clusters across domains, improving flexibility in maintaining clustered environments.
• Cluster-Aware Updating: Automates the update process for cluster nodes to minimize downtime and avoid disruptions during maintenance.

10. Windows Server Core App Compatibility

• Windows Server Core is a minimal-installation option aimed at reducing the attack surface and resource footprint. The App Compatibility Feature on Demand in Windows Server 2019 improves the compatibility of Server Core by adding support for some commonly used server applications.

11. Hyper-V Enhancements

• Enhanced VM Protection: Support for shielded VMs for Linux, protecting Linux VMs in a way previously available only for Windows VMs.
• VMConnect: Provides a secure, encrypted console connection to virtual machines for troubleshooting.
• Nested Virtualization: Allows virtual machines to act as hypervisors, enabling scenarios like virtualized sandbox environments.

These features make Windows Server 2019 a powerful and flexible solution for organizations seeking secure, cloud-ready, and high-performance server capabilities.

Compare between windows server 2019 standard vs datacenter:

Windows Server 2019 Standard and Datacenter editions are tailored for different types of workloads, with Datacenter offering additional features suitable for highly virtualized or data-center-specific environments. Here’s a detailed comparison:

1. Virtualization Rights

• Standard Edition:
  • Limited to two virtual machines (VMs) per license, along with one Hyper-V host (physical server) instance.
  • Ideal for environments with minimal virtualization requirements.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Offers unlimited virtualization rights, allowing unlimited VMs on a licensed server.
  • Designed for heavily virtualized data centers where multiple VMs are needed.

2. Storage Features

• Standard Edition:
  • Limited or lacks advanced storage capabilities.
  • Storage Spaces Direct (S2D): Not available in the Standard Edition, which limits the ability to build hyper-converged infrastructures (HCI).
  • Storage Replica: Available with restrictions. It only allows for a single 2 TB volume for replication, and synchronous or asynchronous replication is supported with limits.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Full access to Storage Spaces Direct (S2D), which enables the creation of a highly available, scalable software-defined storage solution.
  • Storage Replica: Unlimited volumes and sizes, supporting both synchronous and asynchronous replication across any number of volumes.

3. Software-Defined Networking (SDN)

• Standard Edition:
  • Lacks SDN capabilities, which are used for network virtualization and for managing virtual network resources through software.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Fully supports Software-Defined Networking (SDN) features like virtual network encryption, network controllers, and software load balancers.

4. Shielded Virtual Machines (VMs)

• Standard Edition:
  • Does not support Shielded VMs, which are used to secure virtual machines against unauthorized access or tampering.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Supports Shielded VMs, providing enhanced security for virtual machines, especially in multi-tenant or hosted environments.

5. Containers

• Standard Edition:
  • Limited to two container instances. Suitable for lightweight containerized applications but not ideal for large-scale container deployments.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Allows unlimited container instances, ideal for businesses that need large-scale containerization or support for Docker and Kubernetes.

6. Deduplication and Compression

• Standard Edition:
  • Lacks deduplication and compression capabilities on ReFS (Resilient File System), which limits storage optimization.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Offers deduplication and compression on ReFS, providing significant storage savings, especially for large volumes of data.

7. Network Controller

• Standard Edition:
  • No support for Network Controller, which limits centralized network management capabilities.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Includes Network Controller support, allowing centralized management, monitoring, and configuration of network devices and infrastructure.

8. Cost and Licensing

• Standard Edition:
  • Less expensive than Datacenter, and licensed per-core with minimum requirements (16 cores per server).
  • Best suited for businesses needing minimal virtualization and fewer advanced data-center features.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Higher cost due to unlimited virtualization and additional features.
  • Ideal for enterprises with extensive virtualization, storage, and networking requirements.

9. Use Cases

• Standard Edition:
  • Small to medium-sized businesses, branch offices, or enterprises with limited virtualization needs.
  • Suitable for basic roles like domain controller, file server, or limited application hosting.
• Datacenter Edition:
  • Large enterprises, data centers, or organizations with extensive virtualization requirements.
  • Ideal for high-density virtualized environments, HCI, and organizations that require advanced storage and networking features.

Summary Table

In summary, Windows Server 2019 Standard is well-suited for basic or lightly virtualized environments, while Datacenter is ideal for environments that require extensive virtualization, advanced storage and networking features, and security for sensitive or multi-tenant setups.

Key Milestones Microsoft Windows Server 2019:

Here are the key milestones for Microsoft Windows Server 2019, from its development to its release and beyond:

1. Initial Development and Preview (2017 - 2018)

• August 2017: Microsoft introduced the first preview of Windows Server 2019 to the Windows Insider Program. This release was aimed at gathering feedback and testing new features, especially around security, hybrid integration, and cloud compatibility.
• Late 2017 - Early 2018: Multiple preview builds were released, with enhancements across security, storage, and networking, as well as new integrations with Azure. This period also saw the inclusion of Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and Kubernetes support.

2. General Availability (GA) Release (October 2018)

• October 2, 2018: Microsoft officially announced the general availability of Windows Server 2019, marking its release to manufacturing (RTM) stage. It was initially available for download on the Volume Licensing Service Center (VLSC) and Microsoft’s cloud platforms.
• October 6, 2018: Shortly after the release, Microsoft temporarily paused the rollout due to reports of data loss in Windows 10, which shared the same codebase. They immediately investigated and re-released Windows Server 2019 after addressing the issues.

3. Re-Release and Continued Rollout (November 2018)

• November 13, 2018: Microsoft resumed the rollout of Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10 October Update, having fixed the reported data issues. This release brought Windows Server 2019 back to the general public, along with related tools and applications.

4. Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) Support

• Windows Server 2019 was designated as an LTSC release, meaning it would receive 10 years of support – 5 years of mainstream support and 5 years of extended support, extending support until January 9, 2029.
• LTSC releases are focused on stability, security, and performance, catering to businesses that prioritize consistent performance over continuous feature updates.

5. Hybrid Cloud and Azure Integration Updates (2019)

• 2019: Microsoft introduced updates that expanded Windows Server 2019’s hybrid capabilities with Azure. Features like Azure Backup, Azure Site Recovery, Storage Migration Service, and Azure Network Adapter helped businesses seamlessly integrate their on-premises environments with Azure cloud services.

6. New Features and Functionality Updates (2019 - 2021)

• Semi-Annual Channel Updates: Although Windows Server 2019 itself wasn’t updated under the Semi-Annual Channel, Microsoft continued releasing new features that could enhance compatibility with the latest server technologies.
• Windows Admin Center: Continued improvements to Windows Admin Center brought additional management capabilities to Windows Server 2019, with enhanced tools for managing hybrid cloud setups, security, and storage.

7. Expanded Kubernetes and Container Support (2020 - 2021)

• 2020 - 2021: Updates expanded support for Windows Containers, enabling compatibility with Linux containers, which allowed for easier adoption of hybrid application architectures. Improvements in Kubernetes support aimed to simplify the management of containerized applications on Windows Server 2019.

8. End of Life Planning (2024 and Beyond)

• January 9, 2024: The End of Mainstream Support date is scheduled, after which Windows Server 2019 will only receive security updates and limited bug fixes during the extended support phase.
• January 9, 2029: End of Extended Support, after which Windows Server 2019 will no longer receive security updates, signaling the official end-of-life for the product.

9. New Successor and Next-Generation Windows Server (2021 and 2022)

• 2021: Microsoft released Windows Server 2022, the next long-term release in the Windows Server family, which brought advanced features like Secured-core server, improved Azure Arc support, and enhanced security, networking, and container functionality. However, Windows Server 2019 continues to receive support and remains widely used, especially in stable, long-term deployment environments.

These milestones reflect Microsoft’s ongoing commitment to developing a stable, secure, and cloud-compatible platform with Windows Server 2019, meeting the demands of modern enterprise infrastructures.

System Requirements windows server 2019:

The minimum system requirements for Windows Server 2019 are designed to ensure it can run basic services. However, for production environments, it's generally recommended to exceed these minimums to ensure optimal performance. Here are the key system requirements:

1. Processor Requirements

• Architecture: 64-bit processor required (Windows Server 2019 does not support 32-bit processors).
• Minimum Speed: 1.4 GHz 64-bit processor (consider faster processors for better performance).
• Recommended Speed: 3.1 GHz or faster, especially for virtualized or high-demand applications.
• Compatibility: Must support x64 instruction set, support for NX, DEP, CMPXCHG16b, LAHF/SAHF, and PrefetchW.

2. RAM Requirements

• Minimum:
  • 512 MB for Standard and Datacenter Editions.
  • 2 GB for Server with Desktop Experience (needed for GUI).
• Recommended: 8 GB or more, especially for systems handling workloads like virtualization, storage, or heavy applications.

3. Storage Requirements

• Minimum Disk Space: 32 GB (bare minimum for installation, more recommended for production use).
• Recommended Disk Space: At least 64 GB to accommodate updates, logs, and other operating needs.
• Additional: More space may be required depending on the RAM, as the paging file, system logs, and other files can consume additional storage.

4. Network Requirements

• Network Adapter:
  • A minimum of a Gigabit Ethernet adapter (10/100/1000 base-T).
  • Must support PCI Express architecture and PXE boot capability.
• Bandwidth: Higher bandwidth adapters (10 GbE or greater) are recommended for high-demand applications or storage services.

5. Firmware and UEFI Requirements

• UEFI: UEFI 2.3.1c-based system and firmware with support for Secure Boot is recommended for enhanced security, though not strictly required.
• TPM (Trusted Platform Module): TPM version 2.0 is recommended for security features, including BitLocker and Windows Defender System Guard.

6. Graphics (for GUI installations)

• Graphics Device:
  • Super VGA (1024 x 768) or higher-resolution monitor.
  • Keyboard and Microsoft mouse (or other compatible pointing devices).
• Note: Server Core installations do not require a graphics interface.

7. Additional Considerations

• Internet Access: Necessary for updates, online activation, and certain features (like hybrid integration with Azure).
• Other Hardware: A DVD drive (if installing from media) or USB port is required for bootable media.

Recommended Hardware for Specific Roles:

• File Server, Domain Controller: 8-16 GB RAM, dual-core processor or better, minimum 64 GB storage.
• Virtualization Host (Hyper-V): 16 GB RAM (minimum for multiple VMs), multiple cores, SSD or NVMe storage for fast I/O.
• Storage Spaces Direct (S2D): Minimum of 4 nodes with 128 GB RAM each for high-performance storage clusters.